{"id":90897,"date":"2026-06-09T18:48:19","date_gmt":"2026-06-09T16:48:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.coffeesapiens.org\/phenols-and-astringency-dry-tongue-in-wine-explained\/"},"modified":"2026-06-20T17:42:05","modified_gmt":"2026-06-20T15:42:05","slug":"phenols-and-astringency-dry-tongue-in-wine-explained","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.coffeesapiens.org\/en\/phenols-and-astringency-dry-tongue-in-wine-explained\/","title":{"rendered":"Phenols and astringency: Dry tongue in wine explained"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>During a blind wine tasting, someone handed me a glass of young red wine and when I tasted it I noticed that dry, almost scratchy sensation on my tongue that lingered for a few seconds before fading away. The instructor explained that what I was feeling was not a flavor but a tactile sensation caused by tannins. I kept thinking about that for days: what exactly do these compounds have that makes them dry out the mouth like that? I researched phenols and astringency in wine in depth, and what I found also has direct connections with coffee. In this article, I&#8217;ll tell you everything I learned. Let&#8217;s begin!<\/p>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_85 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Contents of this article<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.coffeesapiens.org\/en\/phenols-and-astringency-dry-tongue-in-wine-explained\/#Phenolic_compounds_in_grapes_and_their_origin\" >Phenolic compounds in grapes and their origin<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.coffeesapiens.org\/en\/phenols-and-astringency-dry-tongue-in-wine-explained\/#Types_of_phenols_present_in_the_skin_and_seeds\" >Types of phenols present in the skin and seeds<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.coffeesapiens.org\/en\/phenols-and-astringency-dry-tongue-in-wine-explained\/#Condensed_tannins_and_their_function_in_red_wines\" >Condensed tannins and their function in red wines<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.coffeesapiens.org\/en\/phenols-and-astringency-dry-tongue-in-wine-explained\/#Hydrolyzable_tannins_and_their_contribution_during_aging\" >Hydrolyzable tannins and their contribution during aging<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.coffeesapiens.org\/en\/phenols-and-astringency-dry-tongue-in-wine-explained\/#Influence_of_skins_and_stems_on_phenolic_composition\" >Influence of skins and stems on phenolic composition<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/www.coffeesapiens.org\/en\/phenols-and-astringency-dry-tongue-in-wine-explained\/#Astringency_sensation_in_the_mouth_and_dry_tongue\" >Astringency: sensation in the mouth and dry tongue<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/www.coffeesapiens.org\/en\/phenols-and-astringency-dry-tongue-in-wine-explained\/#Mechanism_of_interaction_between_tannins_and_salivary_proteins\" >Mechanism of interaction between tannins and salivary proteins<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.coffeesapiens.org\/en\/phenols-and-astringency-dry-tongue-in-wine-explained\/#How_natural_lubrication_affects_the_tactile_sensation\" >How natural lubrication affects the tactile sensation<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/www.coffeesapiens.org\/en\/phenols-and-astringency-dry-tongue-in-wine-explained\/#Difference_between_astringency_and_other_tastes_in_the_glass\" >Difference between astringency and other tastes in the glass<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/www.coffeesapiens.org\/en\/phenols-and-astringency-dry-tongue-in-wine-explained\/#Maceration_process_and_tannin_extraction\" >Maceration process and tannin extraction<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/www.coffeesapiens.org\/en\/phenols-and-astringency-dry-tongue-in-wine-explained\/#Role_of_must_contact_with_the_skins_in_red_wines\" >Role of must contact with the skins in red wines<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/www.coffeesapiens.org\/en\/phenols-and-astringency-dry-tongue-in-wine-explained\/#Duration_and_temperature_as_key_factors\" >Duration and temperature as key factors<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/www.coffeesapiens.org\/en\/phenols-and-astringency-dry-tongue-in-wine-explained\/#Comparison_with_white_wine_production\" >Comparison with white wine production<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/www.coffeesapiens.org\/en\/phenols-and-astringency-dry-tongue-in-wine-explained\/#Impact_of_maceration_on_the_texture_and_color_of_wine\" >Impact of maceration on the texture and color of wine<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/www.coffeesapiens.org\/en\/phenols-and-astringency-dry-tongue-in-wine-explained\/#Aging_and_the_contribution_of_tannins_from_the_barrel\" >Aging and the contribution of tannins from the barrel<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/www.coffeesapiens.org\/en\/phenols-and-astringency-dry-tongue-in-wine-explained\/#Types_of_oak_and_their_characteristics_in_maturation\" >Types of oak and their characteristics in maturation<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/www.coffeesapiens.org\/en\/phenols-and-astringency-dry-tongue-in-wine-explained\/#American_oak_barrels_flavors_and_astringency\" >American oak barrels: flavors and astringency<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/www.coffeesapiens.org\/en\/phenols-and-astringency-dry-tongue-in-wine-explained\/#French_oak_barrels_subtleties_and_smoothness\" >French oak barrels: subtleties and smoothness<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/www.coffeesapiens.org\/en\/phenols-and-astringency-dry-tongue-in-wine-explained\/#How_aging_modifies_the_sensation_of_astringency_on_the_palate\" >How aging modifies the sensation of astringency on the palate<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/www.coffeesapiens.org\/en\/phenols-and-astringency-dry-tongue-in-wine-explained\/#Organoleptic_differences_between_red_and_white_wines_regarding_tannins\" >Organoleptic differences between red and white wines regarding tannins<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/www.coffeesapiens.org\/en\/phenols-and-astringency-dry-tongue-in-wine-explained\/#Influence_of_the_pressing_process_in_white_wines\" >Influence of the pressing process in white wines<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\" href=\"https:\/\/www.coffeesapiens.org\/en\/phenols-and-astringency-dry-tongue-in-wine-explained\/#Presence_and_perception_of_tannins_in_different_grape_varieties\" >Presence and perception of tannins in different grape varieties<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-23\" href=\"https:\/\/www.coffeesapiens.org\/en\/phenols-and-astringency-dry-tongue-in-wine-explained\/#Consequences_for_the_sensory_experience_of_the_consumer\" >Consequences for the sensory experience of the consumer<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-24\" href=\"https:\/\/www.coffeesapiens.org\/en\/phenols-and-astringency-dry-tongue-in-wine-explained\/#Balance_in_wine_smoothness_versus_excessive_astringency\" >Balance in wine: smoothness versus excessive astringency<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-25\" href=\"https:\/\/www.coffeesapiens.org\/en\/phenols-and-astringency-dry-tongue-in-wine-explained\/#Identifying_green_tannins_and_their_negative_impact\" >Identifying green tannins and their negative impact<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-26\" href=\"https:\/\/www.coffeesapiens.org\/en\/phenols-and-astringency-dry-tongue-in-wine-explained\/#Strategies_for_achieving_a_silky_texture_on_the_tongue\" >Strategies for achieving a silky texture on the tongue<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-27\" href=\"https:\/\/www.coffeesapiens.org\/en\/phenols-and-astringency-dry-tongue-in-wine-explained\/#Recommendations_for_choosing_wines_according_to_astringency_preference\" >Recommendations for choosing wines according to astringency preference<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-28\" href=\"https:\/\/www.coffeesapiens.org\/en\/phenols-and-astringency-dry-tongue-in-wine-explained\/#Frequently_asked_questions_about_phenols_and_astringency_in_wine_and_coffee\" >Frequently asked questions about phenols and astringency in wine and coffee<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-29\" href=\"https:\/\/www.coffeesapiens.org\/en\/phenols-and-astringency-dry-tongue-in-wine-explained\/#What_is_the_difference_between_astringency_and_bitterness_in_tasting\" >What is the difference between astringency and bitterness in tasting?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-30\" href=\"https:\/\/www.coffeesapiens.org\/en\/phenols-and-astringency-dry-tongue-in-wine-explained\/#Does_coffee_also_contain_tannins_and_produce_astringency\" >Does coffee also contain tannins and produce astringency?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-31\" href=\"https:\/\/www.coffeesapiens.org\/en\/phenols-and-astringency-dry-tongue-in-wine-explained\/#Why_does_eating_cheese_or_meat_soften_the_astringency_of_wine\" >Why does eating cheese or meat soften the astringency of wine?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-32\" href=\"https:\/\/www.coffeesapiens.org\/en\/phenols-and-astringency-dry-tongue-in-wine-explained\/#Can_the_astringency_of_wine_decrease_over_time\" >Can the astringency of wine decrease over time?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-33\" href=\"https:\/\/www.coffeesapiens.org\/en\/phenols-and-astringency-dry-tongue-in-wine-explained\/#How_can_astringency_be_evaluated_during_a_tasting\" >How can astringency be evaluated during a tasting?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-compuestos-fenolicos-en-las-uvas-y-su-origen\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Phenolic_compounds_in_grapes_and_their_origin\"><\/span>Phenolic compounds in grapes and their origin<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The origin of phenolic compounds in grapes is intrinsically related to the nature and evolution of the plant. These compounds, highly relevant in the world of wine, are essential for understanding the quality and diversity of different styles.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-tipos-de-fenoles-presentes-en-la-piel-y-las-semillas\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Types_of_phenols_present_in_the_skin_and_seeds\"><\/span>Types of phenols present in the skin and seeds<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>In grapes, phenols are found predominantly in the skin and seeds. They can be classified into three main groups: tannins, anthocyanins, and phenolic acids.<\/p>\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-taninos-condensados-y-su-funcion-en-los-vinos-tintos\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Condensed_tannins_and_their_function_in_red_wines\"><\/span>Condensed tannins and their function in red wines<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>Condensed tannins are crucial in red wines. These compounds provide astringency and structure the wine, offering a mouthfeel that can range from roughness to smoothness. Their presence is key to the wine&#8217;s longevity, since they contribute to its aging.<\/p>\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-taninos-hidrolizados-y-su-aporte-durante-la-crianza\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Hydrolyzable_tannins_and_their_contribution_during_aging\"><\/span>Hydrolyzable tannins and their contribution during aging<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>Hydrolyzable tannins are released mainly during the barrel-aging process. When wooden barrels are used, these tannins interact with the other components of the wine, enriching its palate and softening the overall texture. This process transforms and enhances the complexity of the flavor profile.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-influencia-de-las-pieles-y-el-escobajo-en-la-composicion-fenolica\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Influence_of_skins_and_stems_on_phenolic_composition\"><\/span>Influence of skins and stems on phenolic composition<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The skins and stems play an essential role in the phenolic composition of wine. During winemaking, the prolonged contact of the must with these parts of the grape ensures greater extraction of tannins and other beneficial compounds, producing a more robust wine with greater character.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-la-astringencia-sensacion-en-la-boca-y-lengua-seca\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Astringency_sensation_in_the_mouth_and_dry_tongue\"><\/span>Astringency: sensation in the mouth and dry tongue<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Astringency is one of the most interesting and complex characteristics of wine, as it can completely transform the tasting experience. The interaction of tannins with proteins in the mouth is the main cause of this sensation.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-mecanismo-de-interaccion-entre-taninos-y-proteinas-salivares\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Mechanism_of_interaction_between_tannins_and_salivary_proteins\"><\/span>Mechanism of interaction between tannins and salivary proteins<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>When tasting tannin-rich wines, phenolic compounds interact with salivary proteins and the oral mucosa. This binding creates a coagulation phenomenon that reduces the mouth&#8217;s natural lubrication. As a result, a sensation of dryness and roughness, known as astringency, is produced.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-como-afecta-la-lubricacion-natural-en-la-sensacion-tactil\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_natural_lubrication_affects_the_tactile_sensation\"><\/span>How natural lubrication affects the tactile sensation<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Saliva, being a mixture of water, enzymes, and proteins, acts as a smoothing agent. When tannins coagulate these proteins, the mouth feels less lubricated, intensifying the tactile sensation of dryness. This is especially noticeable at the end of the tasting, when astringency becomes more evident.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-diferencia-entre-astringencia-y-otros-sabores-en-la-copa\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Difference_between_astringency_and_other_tastes_in_the_glass\"><\/span>Difference between astringency and other tastes in the glass<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>It is vital to distinguish between astringency and other tastes that can be found in wine. Astringency is felt as a texture in the mouth, whereas other tastes, such as acidity or sweetness, are perceived more directly as flavors. In this way, each of these characteristics contributes to the wine&#8217;s complexity, enriching the sensory experience.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-proceso-de-maceracion-y-extraccion-de-taninos\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Maceration_process_and_tannin_extraction\"><\/span>Maceration process and tannin extraction<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Maceration is a fundamental process in red wine production, as it allows the extraction of essential components that influence flavor and texture.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-papel-del-contacto-del-mosto-con-las-pieles-en-los-vinos-tintos\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Role_of_must_contact_with_the_skins_in_red_wines\"><\/span>Role of must contact with the skins in red wines<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The prolonged contact of the must with the grape skins is essential. During this period, tannins and anthocyanins are extracted, giving the wine its color and astringency characteristics.<\/p>\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-duracion-y-temperatura-como-factores-clave\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Duration_and_temperature_as_key_factors\"><\/span>Duration and temperature as key factors<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>The duration of maceration varies according to the type of wine desired. Heat can accelerate extraction, but care must be taken not to exceed the limits, as this could lead to excessive astringency. In general, this process is carried out at controlled temperatures between 20 and 30 \u00b0C.<\/p>\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-comparativa-con-la-elaboracion-de-vinos-blancos\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Comparison_with_white_wine_production\"><\/span>Comparison with white wine production<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>Unlike reds, white wine production generally involves a quick separation of the must and the skins. This results in lower tannin extraction, offering a lighter and fresher profile, without the notable astringency of reds.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-impacto-de-la-maceracion-sobre-la-textura-y-el-color-del-vino\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Impact_of_maceration_on_the_texture_and_color_of_wine\"><\/span>Impact of maceration on the texture and color of wine<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Maceration not only affects the flavor of wine, but also its texture and color. An appropriate maceration time produces a wine with greater complexity on the palate and a more intense color, which is appealing to drinkers.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-crianza-y-aporte-de-taninos-desde-la-barrica\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Aging_and_the_contribution_of_tannins_from_the_barrel\"><\/span>Aging and the contribution of tannins from the barrel<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Barrel aging is a fundamental process in winemaking, as it contributes to the complexity and structure of the final product.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-tipos-de-roble-y-sus-caracteristicas-en-la-maduracion\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Types_of_oak_and_their_characteristics_in_maturation\"><\/span>Types of oak and their characteristics in maturation<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-barricas-de-roble-americano-sabores-y-astringencia\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"American_oak_barrels_flavors_and_astringency\"><\/span>American oak barrels: flavors and astringency<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>American oak is known for imparting intense flavors and aromas of vanilla and coconut. This type of barrel can increase levels of astringency due to the greater amount of tannins present in the wood. Wines aged in American oak tend to show quicker maturation and a more robust expression on the palate.<\/p>\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-barricas-de-roble-frances-sutilezas-y-suavidad\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"French_oak_barrels_subtleties_and_smoothness\"><\/span>French oak barrels: subtleties and smoothness<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>French oak barrels are prized for their elegance. Their subtler toasting process develops notes of spice and earthy aromas. Aging in this type of barrel usually results in a smoother texture, helping to integrate tannins more harmoniously and minimizing the sensation of astringency on the palate.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-como-la-crianza-modifica-la-sensacion-de-astringencia-en-boca\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_aging_modifies_the_sensation_of_astringency_on_the_palate\"><\/span>How aging modifies the sensation of astringency on the palate<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The time a wine spends in the barrel has a significant impact on its astringency profile. As the wine ages, the barrel tannins integrate and soften, balancing the sensation of dryness. This allows the wine to evolve toward a fuller expressiveness, where the tannins amalgamate with the other phenolic compounds.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-diferencias-organolepticas-entre-vinos-tintos-y-blancos-en-cuanto-a-taninos\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Organoleptic_differences_between_red_and_white_wines_regarding_tannins\"><\/span>Organoleptic differences between red and white wines regarding tannins<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The variety of tannins in red and white wines generates significant differences in the tasting experience.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-influencia-del-proceso-de-prensado-en-vinos-blancos\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Influence_of_the_pressing_process_in_white_wines\"><\/span>Influence of the pressing process in white wines<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Pressing limits the contact of the must with the skins and seeds of the grape, preserving freshness and acidity. As a consequence, white wines show a much lower level of astringency compared with reds.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-presencia-y-percepcion-de-taninos-en-diferentes-tipos-de-uvas\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Presence_and_perception_of_tannins_in_different_grape_varieties\"><\/span>Presence and perception of tannins in different grape varieties<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Different grape varieties play a fundamental role in the quantity and quality of tannins present. Varieties such as Tempranillo or Cabernet Sauvignon are rich in tannins, providing more robust wines. In contrast, grapes such as Pinot Grigio or Chardonnay contribute greater smoothness, creating a perception of freshness without high astringency.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-consecuencias-en-la-experiencia-sensorial-para-el-consumidor\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Consequences_for_the_sensory_experience_of_the_consumer\"><\/span>Consequences for the sensory experience of the consumer<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>In reds, tannins can create a sensation of body and richness. In whites, their absence facilitates a lighter and more refreshing experience. This influences consumers&#8217; choices depending on the occasion and their personal preferences.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-el-equilibrio-en-el-vino-suavidad-versus-astringencia-excesiva\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Balance_in_wine_smoothness_versus_excessive_astringency\"><\/span>Balance in wine: smoothness versus excessive astringency<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Achieving the perfect balance between smoothness and astringency is fundamental in winemaking.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-identificacion-de-taninos-verdes-y-su-impacto-negativo\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Identifying_green_tannins_and_their_negative_impact\"><\/span>Identifying green tannins and their negative impact<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Green tannins, coming from grapes that are not fully ripe, can cause a sensation of excessive astringency in the mouth. Their roughness is uncomfortable for many drinkers and is associated with a crunchy rather than silky texture.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-estrategias-para-lograr-una-textura-sedosa-en-la-lengua\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Strategies_for_achieving_a_silky_texture_on_the_tongue\"><\/span>Strategies for achieving a silky texture on the tongue<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>To achieve a more pleasant tasting sensation, it is crucial to select well-ripened grapes, optimize maceration time to gently extract tannins, and implement aging techniques that soften the texture, such as the use of suitable oak barrels.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-recomendaciones-para-elegir-vinos-segun-preferencia-de-astringencia\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Recommendations_for_choosing_wines_according_to_astringency_preference\"><\/span>Recommendations for choosing wines according to astringency preference<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>For those who prefer more moderate astringency, it is advisable to opt for red wines with longer aging (which softens the tannins), explore more approachable varieties such as Merlot or Pinot Noir, and consult tasting notes before buying a bottle to identify the expected tannin level.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-preguntas-frecuentes-fenoles-astringencia-vino-cafe\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Frequently_asked_questions_about_phenols_and_astringency_in_wine_and_coffee\"><\/span>Frequently asked questions about phenols and astringency in wine and coffee<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_the_difference_between_astringency_and_bitterness_in_tasting\"><\/span>What is the difference between astringency and bitterness in tasting?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Bitterness is a taste perceived by the taste buds and has a chemical nature. Astringency, by contrast, is a tactile sensation: the dryness, roughness, or \u201cdry tongue\u201d feeling that occurs when tannins precipitate salivary proteins. A wine or coffee can be bitter without being astringent, and vice versa, although both often appear together in beverages with a high concentration of phenolic compounds.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Does_coffee_also_contain_tannins_and_produce_astringency\"><\/span>Does coffee also contain tannins and produce astringency?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Yes. Coffee contains chlorogenic acids and other polyphenols that can produce some astringency, especially in coffees with prolonged extraction, overextraction, or lower-quality coffees. Well-extracted specialty coffees tend to have little astringency, whereas overextracted espressos or overly long filter coffees can present that sensation of dryness and roughness in the mouth.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Why_does_eating_cheese_or_meat_soften_the_astringency_of_wine\"><\/span>Why does eating cheese or meat soften the astringency of wine?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The proteins in foods such as cheese or meat compete with salivary proteins to bind to tannins. By providing more proteins that can precipitate tannins, the astringent effect on saliva is reduced. That is why pairing red wines with protein-rich foods is so classic and effective.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Can_the_astringency_of_wine_decrease_over_time\"><\/span>Can the astringency of wine decrease over time?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Yes. During aging and bottle maturation, tannins polymerize and progressively soften, reducing astringency and creating a silkier texture. It is one of the reasons why highly tannic wines improve notably with years in the cellar. Opening them too early can result in a texturally uncomfortable experience.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_can_astringency_be_evaluated_during_a_tasting\"><\/span>How can astringency be evaluated during a tasting?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Astringency is evaluated by paying attention to the tactile sensation in the mouth after swallowing or spitting out the wine: do you feel your mouth dry, your gums tight, your tongue rough? Intensity (low, medium, high) and quality (rough and green vs. silky and ripe) are the two key parameters. With practice, you learn to distinguish it from bitterness and to appreciate it as a positive structural element when it is well integrated.<\/p>\n<p>At Coffee Sapiens, we never stop researching to explain the science behind every cup and every glass. Understanding phenols and astringency makes you a better taster, both of wine and coffee. Thanks for being here, Coffee Lover!<\/p>\n\n\n{\n  &#8220;@context&#8221;: &#8220;https:\/\/schema.org&#8221;,\n  &#8220;@type&#8221;: &#8220;FAQPage&#8221;,\n  &#8220;mainEntity&#8221;: [\n    {\n      &#8220;@type&#8221;: &#8220;Question&#8221;,\n      &#8220;name&#8221;: &#8220;What is the difference between astringency and bitterness in tasting?&#8221;,\n      &#8220;acceptedAnswer&#8221;: {\n        &#8220;@type&#8221;: &#8220;Answer&#8221;,\n        &#8220;text&#8221;: &#8220;Bitterness is a taste perceived by the taste buds. Astringency is a tactile sensation: the dryness and roughness produced when tannins precipitate salivary proteins. A wine can be bitter without being astringent, and vice versa.&#8221;\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      &#8220;@type&#8221;: &#8220;Question&#8221;,\n      &#8220;name&#8221;: &#8220;Does coffee also contain tannins and produce astringency?&#8221;,\n      &#8220;acceptedAnswer&#8221;: {\n        &#8220;@type&#8221;: &#8220;Answer&#8221;,\n        &#8220;text&#8221;: &#8220;Yes. Coffee contains chlorogenic acids and polyphenols that can produce some astringency, especially in overextracted brews. Well-extracted specialty coffees have little astringency; overextracted espressos present that sensation of dryness and roughness.&#8221;\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      &#8220;@type&#8221;: &#8220;Question&#8221;,\n      &#8220;name&#8221;: &#8220;Why does eating cheese or meat soften the astringency of wine?&#8221;,\n      &#8220;acceptedAnswer&#8221;: {\n        &#8220;@type&#8221;: &#8220;Answer&#8221;,\n        &#8220;text&#8221;: &#8220;The proteins in cheese or meat compete with salivary proteins to bind to tannins. By providing more proteins that precipitate tannins, the astringent effect on saliva is reduced. That is why pairing reds with protein-rich foods is so classic and effective.&#8221;\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      &#8220;@type&#8221;: &#8220;Question&#8221;,\n      &#8220;name&#8221;: &#8220;Can the astringency of wine decrease over time?&#8221;,\n      &#8220;acceptedAnswer&#8221;: {\n        &#8220;@type&#8221;: &#8220;Answer&#8221;,\n        &#8220;text&#8221;: &#8220;Yes. During aging and bottle maturation, tannins polymerize and progressively soften, reducing astringency and creating a silkier texture. It is one of the reasons why highly tannic wines improve notably with years in the cellar.&#8221;\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      &#8220;@type&#8221;: &#8220;Question&#8221;,\n      &#8220;name&#8221;: &#8220;How can astringency be evaluated during a tasting?&#8221;,\n      &#8220;acceptedAnswer&#8221;: {\n        &#8220;@type&#8221;: &#8220;Answer&#8221;,\n        &#8220;text&#8221;: &#8220;By paying attention to the tactile sensation in the mouth after swallowing or spitting: do you feel your mouth dry, your gums tight, your tongue rough? Intensity (low, medium, high) and quality (rough and green vs. silky and ripe) are evaluated.&#8221;\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>During a blind wine tasting, someone handed me a glass of young red wine and when I tasted it I noticed that dry, almost scratchy sensation on my tongue that lingered for a few seconds before fading away. The instructor explained that what I was feeling was not a flavor but a tactile sensation caused&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":90898,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[135],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-90897","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tasting","category-135","description-off"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.3 (Yoast SEO v27.8) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Phenols and astringency: why wine and coffee dry out the tongue | Coffee Sapiens<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Phenols are responsible for astringency or the dry-tongue sensation in wine and coffee. Discover how they work, why they cause it, and how to distinguish it from bitterness in tasting.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.coffeesapiens.org\/en\/phenols-and-astringency-dry-tongue-in-wine-explained\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Phenols and astringency: Dry tongue in wine explained\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Phenols are responsible for astringency or the dry-tongue sensation in wine and coffee. Discover how they work, why they cause it, and how to distinguish it from bitterness in tasting.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.coffeesapiens.org\/en\/phenols-and-astringency-dry-tongue-in-wine-explained\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Coffee Sapiens\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-06-09T16:48:19+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-06-20T15:42:05+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.coffeesapiens.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/fenoles-y-astringencia-lengua-seca-en-el-vino-explicado.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1408\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"768\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Javier Romero\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Javier Romero\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"10 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":[\"Article\",\"NewsArticle\"],\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.coffeesapiens.org\\\/en\\\/phenols-and-astringency-dry-tongue-in-wine-explained\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.coffeesapiens.org\\\/en\\\/phenols-and-astringency-dry-tongue-in-wine-explained\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Javier Romero\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.coffeesapiens.org\\\/en\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/707d6e9d8599e80657a409bde7666659\"},\"headline\":\"Phenols and astringency: Dry tongue in wine explained\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-06-09T16:48:19+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-06-20T15:42:05+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.coffeesapiens.org\\\/en\\\/phenols-and-astringency-dry-tongue-in-wine-explained\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":1939,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.coffeesapiens.org\\\/en\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.coffeesapiens.org\\\/en\\\/phenols-and-astringency-dry-tongue-in-wine-explained\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.coffeesapiens.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/06\\\/fenoles-y-astringencia-lengua-seca-en-el-vino-explicado.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Tasting\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.coffeesapiens.org\\\/en\\\/phenols-and-astringency-dry-tongue-in-wine-explained\\\/#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2026\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.coffeesapiens.org\\\/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.coffeesapiens.org\\\/en\\\/phenols-and-astringency-dry-tongue-in-wine-explained\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.coffeesapiens.org\\\/en\\\/phenols-and-astringency-dry-tongue-in-wine-explained\\\/\",\"name\":\"Phenols and astringency: why wine and coffee dry out the tongue | Coffee Sapiens\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.coffeesapiens.org\\\/en\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.coffeesapiens.org\\\/en\\\/phenols-and-astringency-dry-tongue-in-wine-explained\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.coffeesapiens.org\\\/en\\\/phenols-and-astringency-dry-tongue-in-wine-explained\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.coffeesapiens.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/06\\\/fenoles-y-astringencia-lengua-seca-en-el-vino-explicado.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-06-09T16:48:19+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-06-20T15:42:05+00:00\",\"description\":\"Phenols are responsible for astringency or the dry-tongue sensation in wine and coffee. 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